Histological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma pdf

To determine which type of squamous cell carcinoma a patient has, a pathologist will examine a tissue sample underneath a microscope. Squamous cell carcinoma variants of the head and neck. This differentiation is based on the appearance of cells when observed under a microscope by a pathologist. It is significantly rare with an incidence rate condylomatous squamous cell carcinoma of vulva is a rare histological variant of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma scc is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Nov 26, 2019 oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and occurs frequently in western countries 1,2. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cscc is the second most common non. Based on their study of a large number of squamous cell carcinomas scc cases, they concluded that oral scc had a tendency to spread laterally rather than to extend in depth, and they suggested that growth took place by a process of lateral. Pdf on jun 24, 2014, jigna pathak and others published histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinomainstitutional case. Of the two, squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent but is potentially more devastating and lifethreatening form of nonmelanoma skin cancer. These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Who histological classification of tumours of the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc entails quite noteworthy morbidity and mortality rates instead of immense amount of research and advances. It is a malignant neoplasm of stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity capable of local destructive growth and distant metastasis 3.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma a case report satish b. Also, this article defines squamous cell carcinoma stages of progression from precancerous to malignant and the various treatment. Esophageal cancer may be due to either esophageal squamous cell carcinoma escc or adenocarcinoma eac. Epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment 265 tastasize to lymphnodes with a poorer prognosis 1,14. The conventional tumour and several histologic subtypes of scc present morphologic features and specific behaviour when they occur in the oral mucosa. Conventional squamous cell carcinoma conventional squamous cell carcinoma cssc is the most frequent neoplasm arising from the oral epithelium fig. This may perhaps be the change in the trend of occurrence of oral, head and neck cancer for age and gender as it noticed in younger patients 4%6% increase and two fold increase in females 21,22. Histologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Hybrid lesions, such as verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are recognized and may affect prognosis. The risk of local recurrence is greatest when there are cancerous cells present in the surgical margins, but there is an increased risk of recurrence when the carcinoma. Variants of oscc frequently arise within the oral cavity. A series of 110 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma scc together with six lymph node and one distant metastatic lesions was analysed for. As with most head and neck sites, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer. According to who report in 1983, oral cancer is the most common cancer in south east asia.

While most scc lesions are indolent tumors with low malignant potential, a wide diversity of scc subtypes exist, several of which are associated with markedly more aggressive. Squamous cell carcinoma variants of the upper aerodigestive tract. This article describes the incidence, genetics, and etiology of squamous cell carcinoma. Nonmelanoma skin cancer nmsc is the most common form of cancer seen in the caucasian population. When compared to other oral cancers, squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue has a great predisposition to produce metastasis in lymph nodes incidence 1575% depending on the extension of the primary lesion. Survivin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Apr 29, 2014 oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc represents 95% of all forms of head and neck cancer, and during the past decade its incidence has increased by 50% 2,3. The human papilloma virus hpv infection is a major cause behind the development of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Although oral cancer incidence is highly variable worldwide, it is accepted that oral. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is a common head and neck cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma scc is characterized by a high degree of local invasiveness and a high rate of metastasis to cervical lymph nodes, but a low rate of metastasis to distant organs.

The most common variants include verrucous, exophytic or papillary, spindlecell sarcomatoid, basaloid and adenosquamous carcinoma. The use of agnors stain is easy, valid and reliable method to assess the histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma and should be used to predict the prognosis of patients. In the united states, more than 50,000 oscc cases were diagnosed. Cyclin b1 overexpression in conventional oral squamous cell. Frank glass, md from the division of dermatology and cutaneous surgery, department of internal medicine at the university of south florida, tampa, fla. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma should be classi. Pdf histopathological variants of oral squamous cell. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process, which simultaneously involves precancerous lesions, invasion and metastasis.

Histological and molecular aspects of oral squamous cell. Three different morphological parameters were evaluated with respect to the tumor, cell population estimated in terms of a fourpoint scale. For example, basaloid scc is an aggressive tumour and verrucous carcinoma has the lowest invasive and metastatic potential. Histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clear cell carcinoma is classified into three histologic types. From histopathologic point of view there are many types of squamous cell carcinoma, ranging from indolent tumors to very aggressive tumors. Hpv infection has been found to disrupt some tumor suppressor genes, thus allowing cervical. Histologically it was diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histology represents the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of cscc and is mandatory to determine important findings for tumour grading, such as tumour thickness, depth of invasion, degree of differentiation and histological subtype, perineural and vascular invasion, and assessing tumour. Rinker and others published histologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.

Conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc can present as several variants that make up in aggregate about 1015% of all squamous cell carcinomas scc. Apr 29, 2014 oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc represents 95% of all forms of head and neck cancer, and over the last decade its incidence has increased by 50%. Under low power view, stratified squamous hyper keratinized proliferating epithelium showing focal areas of discontinuous basement membrane and invasion into. Conventional oscc can present as several variants that make up in aggregate about 10%15% of all squamous cell carcinomas. Histopathology, biology and markers the oral cancer foundation. Oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc represents 95% of all forms of head and neck cancer, and during the past decade its incidence has increased. Nonmelanoma skin cancer nmsc is the most common form of cancer in the caucasian population, with squamous cell carcinoma scc accounting for the majority of nmscrelated metastases and death. Pdf histologic subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Introduction oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc is the most common oral malignancy, representing up to 8090% of all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity11. The risk of local recurrence is greatest when there are cancerous cells present in the surgical margins, but there is. Oral squamous cell carcinoma under microscopic vision.

Dec 29, 2010 nonmelanoma skin cancer nmsc is the most common form of cancer in the caucasian population, with squamous cell carcinoma scc accounting for the majority of nmscrelated metastases and death. Histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma institutional case reports article pdf available in journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology 181. Histopathological aspects in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral carcinoma cuniculatum, an unacquainted variant of oral. Data set for the reporting of oral cavity carcinomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma affects about 34,000 people in the us each year.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc represents 95% of all forms of head and neck cancer, and during the past decade its incidence has. It is a subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is dealt with in the squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck article. Other rare variants of oral, head, and neck carcinoma include pseudoglandular, basaloid, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, the latter two being radiosensitive. Oral cancer is considered to be a preventable condition, due to the possibility of early detection and treatment. Head and neck cancer is one of the 10 most common types of cancer worldwide, afflicting 500,000 individuals each year. Carcinoma cuniculatum is one of the variants of squamous cell carcinoma. Conventional squamous cell carcinoma conventional squamous cell carcinoma cssc is the most frequent neoplasm arising from the oral epithelium. Squamous cell carcinomas sccs, also known as epidermoid carcinomas, comprise a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells. The higher the percentage of squamous cells, the higher the grade of the tumor. In sri lanka, it forms 30% of all cancers in males and in. Oral cancer is becoming a pressing problem in the world and the who predicts a continuing worldwide increase in the number of patients with oral cancer.

In india, the incidence of oral cancer is 3050% of whole body tumor. Invasivefront grading is useful as well in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Agnor stain, agnor mean and index, squamous cell carcinoma, histological. In clinical practice, the treatment plan and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma is mainly based on the tnm classification.

Squamous cell carcinoma variants of the head and neck lester dr. Histological classification of cutaneous squamous cell. Oral squamous cell carcinoma oscc is one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasm worldwide and a major public health problem in pakistan due to its high morbidity and poor survival rates. Primary squamous cell thyroid carcinoma shows an aggressive biological phenotype resulting in poor prognosis for patients. Pdf squamous cell carcinoma scc is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm.

Scc is generally divided into 3 histological categories. In the us, 3% of cancers in men and 2% in women are oral squamous cell carcinomas, most of which occur after age 50. Introduction squamous cell carcinoma scc is the second most common. Variants of squamous cell carcinoma scc frequently arise within the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, accounting for up to 15% of sccs in these areas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma ear, nose, and throat. The term nmsc can theoretically be applied to all cutaneous cancers excluding melanoma, however, it is most commonly used to refer to the two major types of skin cancers. Under normal circumstances, certain genes called tumor suppressor genes, keep a check on the growth and division of cervical cells. Histologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma request pdf. Oral carcinoma cuniculatum is a rare welldifferentiated variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The common invasive squamous cell carcinoma is a malignancy of the keratinocytes from the epidermis that invade the dermis. Histological patterns of oral squamous cell carcinoma in. The most common variants include verrucous, exophytic or papillary, spindle cell sarcomatoid, basaloid and adenosquamous carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most important and the most common malignant mucosal neoplasm of the head and neck accounting for over 90% of all malignancies. The concept of field cancerization was first introduced for oral cancers by slaughter and his colleagues some sixty years ago. Radiation therapy to a preexisting conventional squamous cell carcinoma is a common antecedent 25 event. Histopathological variants of cutaneous squamous cell. Clinicalpathological parameters in squamous cell carcinoma. The ratio of these cell types is the criterion for grading the malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue libre pathology.

Pathology outlines squamous cell carcinoma general. Pdf histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Various etiologic factors implicated are trauma, hpv, chronic inflammation and alcohol consumption but real causative agent still remains unclear. Histologic subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The term variant is used to describe a distinctively different histomorphologic phenotype of a certain type of neoplasm. Sccs tend to occur closer to the mouth, while adenocarcinomas occur closer to the stomach.

Histological patterns of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients of oral cancer 1166 p j m h s vol. Histologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin margaret h. While most scc lesions are indolent tumors with low malignant potential, a wide diversity of scc subtypes exist, several of which are associated with markedly more aggressive behaviors. A new system for the histological grading of malignancy was ultilized in 91 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the anterior 23 of the tongue which were treated initially by radiotherapy at osaka university hospital from 1967 to 1980. Snuff and alcohol consumption are associated with 90% of patients that exhibit oral cancer 1 and the two factors appear to have a synergistic effect 4. Table 1 clinical and histologic features of squamous cell carcinoma variants. It is significantly rare with an incidence rate histological variants of squamous cell carcinoma. Jun 27, 2016 squamous cell carcinoma variants of the upper aerodigestive tract.